Principles of Quantum Mechanics【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Chapter Ⅰ．Foundations of Quantum Theory1

1．Energy and Momentum of Light Quanta1

2．Experimental Verification of the Conservation Laws for the Energy and Momentum of Light Quanta4

3．Elementary Particles8

4．The Bohr Theory15

5．Elementary Quantum Theory of Radiation18

6．Black-Body Radiation22

7．De Broglie Waves．Group Velocity24

8．Particle Diffraction29

Chapter Ⅱ．Foundations of Quantum Mechanics36

9．Statistical Interpretation of De Broglie Waves36

10．Position Probability of a Particle39

11．The Principle of Superposition of States41

12．Momentum Probability of a Particle43

13．Mean Values of Functions of the Position and Functions of the Momentum46

14．Statistical Ensembles in Quantum Mechanics48

15．The Uncertainty Principle51

16．Illustrations of the Uncertainty Principle57

17．The Role of the Measuring Apparatus65

Chapter Ⅲ．Representation of Dynamical Variables by Operators71

18．Linear Self-Adjoint Operators71

19．General Expressions for the Mean and the Variance of a Variable75

20．Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of Operators and Their Physical Meaning．＂Quantization＂77

21．Properties of Eigenfunctions80

22．General Method of Calculating the Probability of the Result of a Measurement84

23．Restrictions on Simultaneous Measurements of Different Dynamical Variables87

24．Position and Momentum Operators89

25．The Angular-Momentum Operator91

26．The Energy Operator and the Hamiltonian96

27．The Hamiltonian98

Chapter Ⅳ．Time Dependence of a State102

28．The Schrodinger Equation102

29．Conservation of the Number of Particles107

30．Stationary States111

Chapter Ⅴ．Time Variation of Dynamical Variables114

31．Time Derivatives of Operators114

32．The Equations of Motion in Quantum Mechanics．Ehrenfest＇s Theorems116

33．Constants of the Motion119

Chapter Ⅵ．The Relationship of Quantum Mechanics to Classical Mechanics and Optics122

34．Passage from Quantum-Mechanical Equations to Newton＇s Equation of Motion122

35．Passage from the Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation to the Classical Hamilton-Jacobi Equation128

36．Quantum Mechanics and Optics131

37．The Quasi-Classical Approximation(Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin Method)135

Chapter Ⅶ．Principles of Representation Theory139

38．Representations of the State of a Quantum System139

39．Operators in Different Representations．Matrices141

40．Matrices and Matrix Operators144

41．The Mean Value and Spectrum of a Dynamical Variable Represented by an Operator in Matrix Form149

42．The Schrodinger Equation and the Time Dependence of Operators in Matrix Form152

43．Unitary Transformations156

44．Unitary Transformations Between Different Instants of Time159

45．The Density Matrix161

Chapter Ⅷ．The Motion of Particles in a Conservative Field of Force166

46．Introductory Remarks166

47．The Harmonic Oscillator167

48．The Oscillator in the Energy Representation174

49．Motion in a Central Field of Force177

50．Motion in a Coulomb Field184

51．The Energy Spectrum and Wave Functions of the Hydrogen Atom190

52．Motion of an Electron in a Monovalent Atom199

53．Currents in Atoms．The Magneton203

54．Quantum Levels of a Diatomic Molecule206

55．Motion of an Electron in a Periodic Field214

Chapter Ⅸ．Charged Particle Motion in an Electromagnetic Field224

56．An Arbitrary Electromagnetic Field224

57．Motion of a Charged Particle in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field229

Chapter Ⅹ．Intrinsic Angular Momentum and Magnetic Moment of the Electron(Spin)233

58．Experimental Evidence for the Existence of the Spin of the Electron233

59．The Electron Spin Operator236

60．Spin Functions240

61．The Pauli Equation243

62．The Splitting of Spectral Lines in a Magnetic Field246

63．Motion of a Particle with Spin in a Varying Magnetic Field251

64．The Properties of the Resultant Angular Momentum254

65．Numbering of Terms with Allowance for Spin．Multiplet Structure of Spectra259

Chapter Ⅺ．Perturbation Theory265

66．Formulation of the Problem265

67．Perturbation In the Absence of Degeneracy268

68．Perturbation in the Presence of Degeneracy272

69．Level-Splitting in the Case of Twofold Degeneracy277

70．Further Remarks on the Removal of Degeneracy281

Chapter Ⅻ．Simple Applications of Perturbation Theory284

71．The Anharmonic Oscillator284

72．Spectral-Line Splitting in an Electric Field286

73．Splitting of Hydrogen Lines in an Electric Field291

74．The Splitting of Spectral Lines in a Weak Magnetic Field295

75．The Vector Model(Splitting in a Weak Magnetic Field)300

76．Perturbation Theory for the Continous Spectrum302

Chapter ⅩⅢ．Scattering Theory309

77．Formulation of the Problem309

78．The Born Approximation314

79．Elastic Scattering of Fast Particles by Atoms319

80．Rigorous Scattering Theory．Phase-Shift Analysis and Effective Cross Section327

81．The General Case332

82．Coulomb Scattering of Charged Particles337

Chapter ⅩⅣ．Theory of Quantum Transitions340

83．Formulation of the Problem340

84．The Probability of Transition Under a Time-Dependent Perturbation343

85．Transitions Under Time-Independent Perturbations348

Chapter ⅩⅤ．Emission，Absorption，and Scattering of Light by Atomic Systems350

86．Introduction350

87．Absorption and Emission of Radiation352

88．Emission and Absorption Coefficients356

89．The Correspondence Principle360

90．Selection Rules for Dipole Emission363

91．Intensities in the Emission Spectrum368

92．Dispersion368

93．Combination(Raman)Scattering376

94．The Effect of the Finite Size of the Atom．Quadrupole Radiation379

95．Photoelectric Effect383

Chapter ⅩⅥ．Particle Transmission Through Potential Barriers393

96．Formulation of the Problem and Simple Examples393

97．The Tunnel Effect＂Paradox＂399

98．Cold Emission401

99．Three-Dimensional Potential Barrier．Quasi-Stationary States403

100．Theory of α-Particle Decay410

101．Ionization of Atoms in Strong Electric Fields414

Chapter ⅩⅦ．The Many-Body Problem417

102．General Remarks417

103．Conservation of the Total Momentum of a System of Particles421

104．The Motion of the Center of Mass of a System of Particles423

105．The Conservation of Angular Momentum426

106．Eigenfunctions of the Angular Momentum Operator for a System of Particles．The Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients433

107．Relation Between the Conservation Laws and the Symmetry of Space and Time436

Chapter ⅩⅧ．Simple Applications of the Theory of Motion of Systems of Particles441

108．The Effect of the Motion of the Nucleons in an Atom441

109．A System of Particles Executing Small Oscillations444

110．Motion of Atoms in an External Field448

111．Determination of the Energy of Stationary States of Atoms by Deflection in External Fields451

112．Inelastic Collisions of Electrons with Atoms．Determination of the Energy of the Stationary States of Atoms by the Collision Method456

113．The Law of Conservation of Energy and the Special Role of Time in Quantum Mechanics462

Chapter ⅩⅨ．Systems of Identical Particles465

114．The Principle of Identity of Elementary Particles465

115．Symmetric and Antisymmetric States470

116．Bose and Fermi Particles．Pauli＇s Principle472

117．Wave Functions for a System of Fermions and Bosons479

Chapter ⅩⅩ．Second Quantization and Quantum Statistics483

118．Second Quantization483

119．Theory of Quantum Transitions and the Method of Second Quantization491

120．Collision Hypothesis．Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Gases493

Chapter ⅩⅪ．Many-Electron Atoms501

121．Helium Atom501

122．Approximate Quantitative Theory of the Helium Atom509

123．Exchange Energy514

124．The Periodic Table518

Chapter ⅩⅫ．The Structure of Molecules529

125．The Hydrogen Molecule529

126．The Nature of Chemical Forces540

127．Intermolecular Dispersive Forces544

128．The Role of the Nuclear Spin in Diatomic Molecules547

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ．Magnetic Phenomena549

129．Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism of Atoms549

130．Ferromagnetism552

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ．The Atomic Nucleus557

131．Nuclear Forces．Isotopic Spin557

132．Classification of the States of a System of Nucleons560

133．The Theory of the Deuteron562

134．Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering564

135．Polarization569

136．Application of Quantum Mechanics572

Appendix Ⅰ．The Fourier Transformation575

Appendix Ⅱ．Eigenfunctions in the Case of Degeneracy578

Appendix Ⅲ．Orthogonality and Normalization of Continuous-Spectrum Eigenfunctions．The δ-Function580

Appendix Ⅳ．Significance of the Commutation Property of Operators584

Appendix Ⅴ．The Spherical Harmonics586

Appendix Ⅵ．Hamilton＇s Equation590

Appendix Ⅶ．The Schrodinger Equation and the Equations of Motion in Terms of Curvilinear Coordinates594

Appendix Ⅷ．Conditions Imposed on the Wave Functions598

Appendix Ⅸ Solution of the Equation for the Harmonic Oscillator601

Appendix Ⅹ．Electron in a Uniform Magnetic Field606

Appendix Ⅺ．Jacobi＇s Coordinates608

Problems611